1. Lynn Margulus' idea is mentioned in
Dawkins' The Blind Watchmaker, Norton 1987, p 176
2. Hans Moravec's paper - Human Culture: A Genetic Takeover
Underway, in the first Artificial Life proceedings - editor
Chris Langton. Addison-Wesley 1991 p. 167
3. Chris Langton
suggested this in a speech at the Fourth Workshop on Artificial Life at MIT.
4. from Bill Mitchell's book, City of Bits.
5.
from the beginning of Kevin Kelley's book, Out of Control. Addison-Wesley 1994
6. The "Game of Life" was invented by John Conway, and is explained
nicely in William Poundstone's book, The Recursive Universe.
1985, William Poundstone
7. Animated behavior of physically-based
figures in virtual worlds were demonstrated at Artificial Life IV by Sims,
Terzopoulos, and Ventrella.
8. Richard Dawkins' excitement upon creating
his biomorphs is described in his book, The Blind Watchmaker, and also
mentioned by Kevin Kelley in Out of Control, andWired, July 1995, p. 122.
9
Ed Zajec, professor of Computer Graphics at Syracuse University's Art
Media Studies Dept. (personal communication)
10. Genotype and
phenotype are terms derived from biology, used in the computer
science optimizing technique of genetic algorithms.
11.
Karl Sims' paper, Interactive Evolution for Computer Graphics,
in Computer Graphics, vol 25, number 4, July, 1991
12.
Ventrella - Explorations in the Emergence of Morphology
and Locomotion Behavior in Animated Figures, Artificial
Life IV proceedings, MIT Press 1994.
13. Sims'
technique is explained in his Artificial Life IV proceedings
paper, Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition.,
MIT Press, 1994
14. Ventrella - Disney Meets Darwin,
MIT Media Lab thesis document, 1994.
15.
Cohen's work is described in McCorduck's book, Aaron's Code,
W. H. Freeman and Co. 1990
16. This idea of memes appears in
Dawkins' book, The Selfish Gene. Oxford Univ. Press 1976
17.
A project underway at Silicon Studio, SGI, Mountain View, CA,
to develop an authoring system for entertainment media and
game design.
18. From the book, City of Bits, by William Mitchell.
19. Tom Ray's Tierra program is explained in Artificial Life
II, edited by Chris Langton, Addison-Wesley, 1992, page 371.
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